Challenges for E-Learners

Ch whollyenges for E-LearnersDistance skill, round clocks called e- breeding is here defined as interactive learning in which the learning content is available online and provides automatic feedback to the savants learning activities. Online parley with real people may or may non be included, but the focus of e- learning is usually more on the learning content than on communication between bookmans and tutors.Distance learning and its birth to emerging calculating machine technologies ingest together offered many a(prenominal) promises to the field of education. In practice however, the combination often falls short of what it attempts to accomplish. Some of the shortcomings atomic number 18 referable to paradoxs with the technology others have more to do with administration, teachingal methods, or students. Despite the enigmas, many economic consumptionrs like technologies much(prenominal) as compressed pictorial matter and see continued growth in the ara.Howev er, withdrawnness learning is no such advantage is that it is easy, a person brook translate without c atomic number 18 classes or lectures, while hiting or doing some other passage. It is in any case a replete(p) alternative for housewives who atomic number 18 not able to cypher into courses because they have to take c ar of young children, just deal with computers and have their own fourth dimension to learn and as well clear communicate with tutors and peers via online such as email, forum and chat. . In hold education courses, you would be provided with postulate material and also would have to submit assignments on time. These assignments would be assessed by professors who would send you feedback. However, if you are throw to enroll into surmount learning, you take to to ground love about some of the outdo learning pros and cons.Like e real good thing, even distance learning has some disadvantages that grass draw in it bet a little inconvenient for peo ple. The problem may be due to factors balance between face-to-face and learning problems. If students washbowlnot adapt to the system of distance learning, they go forth case a different problem. In addition, lack of familiarity and skills about using technology and computers, row skills, especially English language, disorganise course of learning to mix plump problems, family and study time.These are some of the distance learning advantages and disadvantages. Before making a decision, it is important to ponder the distance learning pros and cons. Though distance learning can be termed as a useful and convenient centering to gain companionship and to higher ones qualification, whether it would benefit you would entirely depend upon your personality and attitude.Here we volition discuss in more detail about the problems go about by online learners and declarations or suggestions can be followed so that any problems that arise can be resolved satisfactorily. So it is important to identify the problem faced by online learners because without this realiseledge, maybe the learners will lose their focus and motivationlead MAIN PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERSDespite the promises and obvious advantages to distance learning, there are problems that need to be resolved. These problems include balancing the combination of thrash, family and education, study habits and lack of skills in technology. Each one of these has an effect on the overall reference of distance learning as a product. In many ways, each of these issues affiliates to the others. This is one of the major problem which will make them think twice before decide to advance their study.The first problem faced by online distance learners is in balancing the combination of melt down and education. Most of the open and distance learner usually have many commitments and responsibilities that they mustiness attend while doing their educational goals. Many of them are married, work full time and of course have children. If not carried out, all of this can cause the student drop out from their learning. Job responsibility is already intimidating, let alone the family and the learning, so adult learners have limited time to do their study. The business of balancing all of the above responsibility is real challenging for al close of them.The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. impertinent traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not. Distractions such as friends asking for night supper and married woman demanding to go shopping at the mall every weekend are among other distractions faced by students. Acquiring some time in a day to study is quite a ticklish task to bring to pass. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent an d responsible to their own self. Most of the time, there is no one around to monitor the students learning process. The openness of the online distance chopine gives students the freedom to do their learning process whenever they like but most of the time, procrastination is the culprit. Unfocused view of their learning goals also will make the students act irresponsibly towards their learning.The trine issue is online distance learners also face problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills in Information Technology (IT). In online distance learning, technology is the main(prenominal) conduit which info and communication flow. A computer with profits attack is usually need for this process and its application will need the user to master certain level of acquirement. Some of these problems arise from a lack of training, some from the instructors attitudes about using the technology, and still others by computer hardware problems. It seems to be self evident that instructors need to be trained to use distance learning technology, but too often they are not. The student will also need to have some basic writing skills and go online distance command of English language. Unfortunately, not all of the students give the above skills.THREE LOGICAL AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTION ON focal point TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY BEGINNING ONLINE LEARNERS bounteouss students in the main do not have the luxury of attending college on a full time background because of their work and family obligations. They often experience problems which, if not overcome, can result in the derailing of their educational goals. There are things that they can do though to help overcome the typical problems that arise.The first solution is learners must manage and plan themselves effectively in order to balancing work, family and study. They have to apply smart time management. Avoiding procrastinating a must. They must be more responsible and have a focused vi ew towards learning. They must also learn to ameliorate themselves in areas they are lacking ( such as writing skills, computer skills, note pickings skills and English language skills) because not all skills will be taught by the tutor. They need to travel their own self by setting achievable goals and have a positive attitude.The second solutions are start with slight demanding course. There tends to be some challenging courses that must be completed by students, there is rarely a requirement that these should be the first ones studied. Therefore, start with less challenging ones that you find more enjoyable initially so as to build confidence. This assists in getting used to the college atmosphere and the demands of course work again. Furthermore, every student make a study press to enlarge psychometric testination dates and assignment due dates on a dedicated calender helps to avoid the rushing of assignments at the last minutes or exam cram sessions. Proper preparation le ads to good grades, while inadequate planning results in failure.The third solutions are make sure that internet access is readily available. Study today is dependent on the internet, forum, e-mail and etc as intermediate communication. The ability to access library databases and complete research online is the basis of fall outing. Also, electronic access eliminates the requirement of spending many hours working on campus, you can study from home instead.The practical suggestion on way to reduce problem faced by online learners are problem firmness of purpose skills. It gives the opportunity to break dance other useful learning skills such as like practice specific procedures and put theoretical use when develop reasoning abilities and creativity in finding answers. Other method also like develop learners understanding of underlying principles and make research offspring in detail. Resolving a study problem may go through the following stages as like review of knowledge. Defin e problem, relate available information to the problem with design a work plan and methodology and monitor outcomes.Encourage them to make a strategy for maturation their problem solving skills, which could include reviewing their own effectiveness in this area, identifying the main steps of the problem solving process, identifying the criteria against which to judge the standard or quality of outcomes, looking at the problem in different ways, simplifying it, making comparisons with researching information and consulting people to establish critical thinking, choosing and using methods to tackle the problem and taking into account factors that may affect problem solving plans recording information in useful way.CONCLUSIONThe problem faced by head start online learners is such as like is in balancing the combination of work and education. Most of the open and distance education students are older, have argumentations and families, so they are should know how to manage time proper ly and which one are the priority. The second issue is in acquiring go online distance study habits. The students everyday environment is very distracting for most of the students. Unlike traditional university students who are always in their learning community which supports them most of the time, online distance students are not, so they must should make a study calender so that proper preparation leads to good grades, while inadequate planning can get failure result. Online distance learners also have a hard time in being independent and responsible to their own self. all(prenominal) the student online learners have to solve all this problem with their own way and also have to take more responsibility on their study. The third issue is problems in recognizing and mastering strengths and skills. They must also learn to improve themselves in areas they are lacking such as writing skills, computer skills, English language skills because not all skills will be taught by tutor. So s tudents should find their own alternatives to enhance the skills.If you know if this entire problem cannot resolve maybe something might happen in the future. For example, online learners maybe will fail with their study or get bad result and raging their money and time to study. As student online learners we should have aim for mastery in our study. Our goals are for every course participant to succeed, leave the course looking at the surrounding world with the perspective of a scientist, thumb confident using science in his or her own learning, and know how to support inquiry-based learning in his or her own classroom.APPENDIX 1Distance LearningWith the history of distance learning encompassing so many different learning environments, we need to find a commentary that fits in all situations. There have been many definitions put forward in modern literature. Greenberg (1998) defines contemporary distance learning as a planned teaching/learning experience that uses a wide spect rum of technologies to wee-wee learners at a distance and is designed to encourage learner fundamental interaction and certification of learning. Teaster and Blieszner (1999) say the term distance learning has been applied to many instructional methods however, its primary distinction is that the teacher and the learner are unwrap in space and possibly time. Desmond Keegan (1995) gives the most thorough definition. He says that distance education and training result from the technological separation of teacher and learner which frees the student from the necessity of traveling to a fixed place, at a fixed time, to meet a fixed person, in order to be trained. From these definitions we can see that the student and teacher are separated by space, but not necessarily by time. This would include compressed video, which is delivered in real time. As stated earlier, this type of live video instruction is the fastest growing means of distance learning today. Because of this, much of the watchword here will be dedicated to the promises and problems of this technology.APPENDIX 2The verity of Adult Learners OnlineI was somewhat concerned about the students and the lack of personal attention they would be receiving through my online course. Since I did not know them, I didnt know their learning styles or cultural differences.Adult learners in grumpy have different learning styles and cultural backgrounds, and they may feel they are being left out of learning activities (Baloglu, 2007). Thus, distance learning may cause a psychological, as well as a physical, fissure (Durrington, Berryhill, Swafford, 2006). Students may feel lonely, and a lack of face-to-face communication and contention can affect their motivation.Barriers for adult learners are categorized as situational, institutional, and dispositional. A persons circumstances in life at any given time are considered potential situational barriers. Different policies and practices may make course corporation mo re difficult are considered institutional barriers. Students attitudes about their own abilities to succeed are considered dispositional barriers. These barriers present surplus obstacles for adult learners who attempt to obtain an progress degree (Spellman, 2007).I found these adult learners, who were teachers, to be motivated and very timely in turning in their assignments and posting on Blackboard. Having them complete assignments that benefited their theses made them even more enthusiastic about completing the work. They all asked questions and sought clarification about things they didnt understand. They also did an excellent job commenting on the other students posts.By the end of the course, I could see a explicit improvement in the content of their article evaluations. I think they were learning from one another.The adult learners I taught were clearly self-directed and able to be autonomous. They had life knowledge and were goal-oriented. It seems they wanted to see the relevance and application of their education, were practical, needed respect, needed feedback, and had to be interested in the subject matter (Council for Adult and Experiential Learning, 2000 Henick, 1994).The reasons adult learners obtain a post-secondary degree tend to differ from those of traditional students. Adult learners typically want to advance in an organization. An additional degree also makes them more marketable and competitive in the job market and allows them to change careers (Milheim, 2005).

BRIC Relevance And Vision In New World Order

BRIC relevancy And Vision In New World Order19. The 21st one C is the century of BRIC nations ( brazil, Russia, India chinaware) as was the 20th century of America. notwithstanding one should non forget that there was a period of fadeout during the early differentiate of 20th century. As per the studies carried out by the experts, there wont be continuous egression every year without any disruption. In occurrence, the economist were surprised by the occurrence of events in cc8-09. However, they were not surprised that such(prenominal) a thing has happened, as it is a cycle that repeats sooner or later in the ball economy. But the fact remains that come along because there was an economicalalal crisis in 2008, the relevance of BRICs does not end. In fact it has effect more(prenominal) relevant as the emerging economies of BRIC be at bounty driving the world economy.7The state of the world economy in the advent disco biscuit leave be largely dictated by the pr ocess of events in the BRIC countries Brazil, Russia, India and China. As all be with large population, hungry for branch, they atomic follow 18 already influencing the orbicular commerce and they accept the potence to redefine and regularise it even further. The BRIC countries dupe large, young populations base to further exploit this maturement potential. The emergence importance and influence of BRIC economies is largely due to rapidly leavening market due large middle class population which offers mercenary markets for the world industries.20. The very fact that BRIC economies realize shown reproducible economic emergence over the last decade and their increasing usage in the economic activities in the world, Goldman Sachs who starting introduced the term has now become more reassured on the relevance of BRIC. German economy has already been interpreted over by China in 2008, and Japan in 2010. As per estimates of Goldman Sachs, Chinese economy impart hand U S by 2035. As per reports, India is among the first 10 of the 30 fastest-growing atomic number 18as in the world, thence it is likely to influence world economy in a major way and faster than evaluate by the experts.821. The leaders of BRIC nations have gained influence over the last decade as their economies have registered faster growth than those of developed countries. The BRIC countries along with the different emerging economies from the developing world have started chat uping Copernican type in the decision making at various forum of trade, banking and climate change. The relevance of the BRIC economies in the boon world enounce can be gauged from the following facts -(a) The BRIC economies is more than 22 % of the world economy.(b) The real economic growth of China have consistently averaged at 9.75 percentage since 1999, 7 percent in case of India and Russia, and 3.3 percent for Brazil. The global pecuniary crisis of 2008 saw compressing of Russian and Brazil economy in 2009. However India and China take place to remain on a growth path, so driving the recuperation of world economy.(c) As per the experts, the BRIC economies are expected to register further growth in the approach years, thus attracting industries and FDI.(d) Brazil, be an dominating histrion in agricultural and mining sector, go forth be a major player in the world market after exploiting its fossil oil reserves. After a period of rapid for last five years, though, its economy has gone into recession in early 2009 but has revived strongly and registered a bouncing growth of 9 % in 2010.(e) Russia, existence one of the worlds major oil and gas producer, has been affected by the economic deceleration of 2008, in hatred of the economic slowdown its economy has registered a healthy growth of nigh 4 % in 2010 which is largely assisted by recovery in oil prices.(f) Indian economy is emerging strongly and is likely to grow at the outrank of 8 %. The government and consumer spending is likely to further boost the growth.(g) The BRIC nations are trying to build consensus on reducing the dependance on U.S. dollar as a global reserve currency, the options of handbasket of currencies or a system of d huffying rates has been suggested by the forum.(h) The BRIC nations have step-upd their influence at various forum of trade and banking and are dictating terms at these international forums, thus ensuring that their interests are addressed.(j) India and Brazil, both being considered as strong contender for permanent seat in united Nations Security Council, however a lack of consensus among the nations in UN on the come in of UNSC re makes has long stalled the reform process.(k) The BRIC economies have developed a common billet on global climate negotiations, however there are differences among them on the issues of carbon footprints. Russia, has already ratified the Kyoto protocol in year 2004. However developing countries like India and Brazil a re not agreeing to legally covering fire targets of emissions being enforced from 2013.(l) Chinese economy has already overtaken Germany and Japan in 2008 and 2010 respectively and is likely to overtake US economy by 2035.(m) As per experts, India allow for achieve its highest economic growth rate in next few years which go out be higher than that of China and pass on overtake Japanese economy by 2030.(n) As per economic experts, the currencies of BRIC countries will be appreciating upto 300% in next tierce to intravenous feeding decades, thus likely to be the favourite endpoint for investment in time to come this will give further boost to BRIC economies in coming future.(o) In next three to four decades, the BRIC economies, taken together will overtake the economies of United States and the developed economies of Europe.(p) In BRIC countries, a population of about 200 jillion with incomes above $ 15,000 is likely to get added in the world economy, bighearted boost to th e global economic growth. This is equal to the populations of UK, Germany and France taken together.(q) The BRIC countries together encounters nigh 42% of the worlds population This offers a lucrative market of about 2.7 meg people to the world industries, thus making them a favourite destination for investment. These market also represents enormous future purchasing power, which is yet to be tapped.(r) Reduced assent on foreign debt. The consistent growth rate registered by BRIC economies over the last few years has helped them repay loans taken during the period of previous economic crisis, however with the increasing FDI in these countries, the reliance on foreign debt is getting reduced.(s) Riding the roller coaster. The BRIC economies have registered consistent economic growth rate even during the economic crisis of 2008, however experts approve that how long these economies can register positive growth rate without a dip and why these economies have not been affected by t he slowdown. The world-wide slowdown in economic activities could not have a probatory sham on investments in these countries. The reason identified by the experts is that as these are emerging markets with strong economic status and purchasing power, thus they have become the favourites FDI destinations, boosting their economic growth rates and increasing economic activities in these countries.22. As per studies carried out by Goldman Sachs which predicts that India and China, respectively, will remain major global player for considerable time as suppliers of attends and manufactured goods, composition Brazil and Russia would emerge and established themselves as major suppliers of raw materials. hence the BRIC economies are equilibriseing each other with Brazil and Russia together forming the natural trade good suppliers to Indian and Chinese industries. The economic analysts at Goldman Sach released a follow up report which is further to its initial report of 2004 on BRIC. As per this report,9the number of people in BRIC countries with an income of $3,000 and above will get doubled in spite of appearance next three years and reach a figure of 800 million by 2020. This rise in people with an income of $ 3000 and above represents a monumental increase in the middle class in these countries. This rise represent further rise in demand of commodities which will not be restricted to only basic commodities but also have an fix on the demand of expensive goods. The analysts further predicts that between 2007 and 2020, per capita gross home(prenominal) product in Indias will quadruple in terms of US$. It further predicts that the Indian economy will overtake US economy by 2050 and BRIC nations as a bloc will overtake economies of G7 nations taken together by 2032.Vision25. India and China both are driving the world economy, thus helping in recovery of world economies from the effects of the economic crisis and being close neighbours, have become major trad ing partners. The BRIC nations have employ the global economic crisis, as a means to improve their economic relationships and co-operation with the poorer developing countries. The BRICs have considerably increased their economic presence in the African countries as well as granted loans to African countries. India has provided loans of more than $200 million at the same time China has invested about $4000 million as foreign direct investment. Russia and Brazil has invested more than $3000 and $4000 million in Africa. Through huge economic assistance, the BRICs are not precisely providing aide to these countries, but also showing their capability to provide financial help to the developing world. This has helped in improving trade ties and getting entranceway to the markets of the poorer economies which are likely to evolve more strongly in coming future.26. The globalization and ever growing demand for dexterity and other raw material, along with the trend of outsourcing helpe d stimulate the BRICs economic growth. India dominating in service outsourcing sector, termed as back office of the world. Brazil and Russia have vast energy and mineral resources, and China has emerged as worlds manufacturing plant, being termed as shop storey of the world by experts. Indian economy is presently growing at the rate of 8.5% a year, and Chinas at more than 10.5%, and the combined GDP of BRIC countries is US $ 5.2 trillion in 2006 and is growing even stronger day by day.27. The BRIC dissertation proposed by Goldman Sach suggests that, India and China will emerge as the leading players in the field of services and manufactured goods, respectively, similarly Russia and Brazil will become key suppliers of raw materials thus complementing India and China. Thus BRIC countries have the potential to form a dominating economic bloc in which all members complement each other thus boosting each others growth. The BRIC forum in present form cannot be considered as a political a lliance or a formal trading association. The leaders of BRIC nations have taken locomote to further increase political and economic co-operation, with a view to increase their influence on major trade accords, or as a means of gaining political concessions from the US, civil nuclear deal between India and US is an apt example of success story of this policy.28. Goldman Sachs10suggests that the economic potential of BRIC countries has the potential of making them the four most dominant economies in next three to four decades. The BRIC thesis was first proposed by Jim ONeill, global economist at Goldman Sachs. The BRIC countries together accounts for around 40% of the population and encompass 25% of trim down in the world. Taken together they hold a combined GDP of approximately 16 trillion dollars. As given above, in almost every field, the BRIC countries are emerging as the leading players in the world. These countries are among the fastest growing economies and emerging markets. 29. The opportunities that the BRIC have for further economic integrating in various sectors are evident. Brazil and Russia will continue their leading roles in developing and trading natural resources, while India and China will remain global leaders in manufacturing, services and technology. All four economies have bounced back from the recession and are now sustaining the global recovery. On current trends, the groups combined share in global gross domestic product should reach 60 percent by 2050. The countries growing economic weight has turned BRIC into a formidable bloc in the revolutionary multi-polar world order.30. The rapid expansion of the emerging economics and BRIC in particular, present both opportunities and challenges in the new world order. There are significant opportunities to form new alliances as BRIC economies present potential growth which will spread the benefits of their development and robust economy to other regional economies as well. However the BRIC economies have to maintain the sustained growth rate to overpower up with the more developed economies of the world.31. The BRICs are becoming superpowers in the economic world. There is no doubt, that they have become much more important today than ever before. But whether they would surpass the expectations is to be seen in proficient future. However the fact remains that BRIC economies will be playing a key role in global efforts to tackle climate change. Though, it is authoritative that today developed economies are responsible for the majority of greenhouse gases (GHG) already in the atmosphere, however developing countries are expected to account for 75% of GHG emissions over the next 25 years. Owing to its rapid industrialisation and growth, China has emerged as the worlds second-largest emitter of carbon dioxide, and is likely to be the highest emitter by 2020 surpassing US. As per experts, its in the BRICs own interest to reduce their emissions and pollution, and to purs ue a unused path of development. The BRICs already face a number of environmental problems, including railway line and water pollution, rising strains on water supplies and resource depletion.32. Though the BRIC countries have differences on various issues, however economic experts feel that they will play a important role in international politics in near future. As the debates on the implementation of emission control by developing countries and Kyoto Protocol are still on, it is believed that the BRIC countries are the ones who will be most affected in future, and therefore should play an essential role in the new developments on these issues. But the question remains whether these countries will be able to develop an alternate world order? allow they be able to reduce the level of US presence in their own region? BRIC has successfully taken its toddler steps and it will depend on the participating countries to develop it further.33. Indias membership of BRIC bloc and India Br azil and South Africa, IBSA bloc and its effort for a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council is part of grand strategy for the evolving multi-polar world order. India has a tremendous potential to shape and influence the emerging multi-polar world order as well as playing dominant role in it, through its strategy of multi-alignment. However, it will have to be less ideologically driven and more strategically savvy to achieve this goal.

Goodness As A Simple And Indefinable Property Philosophy Essay

Goodness As A Simple And Indefinable shoes Philosophy EssayMoores Principia Ehica was the first to consume that groovyness is an vague non-natural airplane propeller belonging to a naive intuition. For Moore a property is natural if, and however if, it is detectable by the senses1. Ever since Moore, the debate of what high-priced is has become substantial to lesson philosophy and meta ethics.Moore, to understand the simple nonion of good, puts forth an analogy of the simple notion of s tin nominatedalmongering(a). The notion of yellow brook only be conceived by those who already understand it, the same applies to good. Moore is contrasting the indefinable taking into custody of integrity to the indefinable perception of a colors qualia. Qualia is specify as the subjective quality of conscious jazz2. We can mention definite properties of yellow its particularized wavelength or frequency. still we cannot mention what the nature of the property of world yellow is . This is because colour is a simple property that cannot be analyzed. To experience colour, we must appeal to our experience.Complex notions, on the former(a) hand, can be defined by their sub-parts and the relationships between those sub-parts. The property of being a gymnastic horse is an example of a complex object that can be defined because it has galore(postnominal) different qualities3. But it can only be defined until it has been reduced to its simplest impairment beyond which those simple terms cannot be defined. Since simple terms cannot be reduced any further, they cannot be clarified to anyone who does not already understand them. Yellow and good be not complex, tho be simple notions. Moore, in this sense, thinks good is indefinable.Good, as a fancy does not correspond to the concepts of pleasure, desire or usefulness. Given that there are things that we call acceptable as well as good, but we can call a thing grateful, desirable or useful and wherefore ask, but is it good? The fact that we are able to ask much(prenominal) a indecision of a thing with particular qualities of pleasure, desire or usefulness is evidence, for Moore, that good cannot be identical to the concepts of pleasure, desire or usefulness. This is cognize as the open-ended question problem. Saying that something is pleasurable does not obviate the question, yes, but is it good?The Open Question ArgumentMoore backs his claim that good is simple and indefinable through the famous open question argument. He argues that good cannot be defined by considering the fact that whatever explanation be offered, it may be al focussings asked, with significance, of the complex so defined, whether it is itself good 4. What he means by this argument is that, if we, for instance, equate good with doing what is pleasurable (which seems reasonable) then, Moore points out, that it can still be asked is it good to do what is pleasurable? Therefore, it ashes an open question (hence the name of the argument) whether something is good, irrespective of it being pleasurable.Moore accepts that the argument does not demonstrate that pleasure is not the only test for an actions goodness, all it demonstrates is that what is pleasurable cannot be known by scarce inspecting the definition of good. What is good has to be known in another way.Moore also formulates the term representational fallacy. naturalistic fallacy is defined as an intent to classify some things simply being the case to the case of it being good. If something is pleasurable then, this quality solo cannot tell us anything about its being good.The Naturalistic Fallacy correspond to Moore, if good is simple, indefinable, cannot be analyzed and what is good? remains and open question then an attempt to define the simple notion of good as any other naturalistic notion is to commit the naturalistic fallacy5. To clarify, Moore draws the yellow analogy. Yellow can be defined as a specific wave length but these waves are not yellow.To commit the naturalistic fallacy is a common mistake when attempting to define good. While it may be entirely possible that all things that are good can also be something else, just as yellow things have certain other properties, but to equate these properties to the definition of good is incorrect.Good as an intuitionMoore claims that though good is indefinable, it is part of our everyday coherent delivery. This is because we happen upon good based on our intuition. MacIntyre objects to this view by saying, how, then, do we choose the intrinsically good? The only answer Moore offers is that we just do 6. But this would make good a complex notion since for different flock good would have different analyzable content. Furthermore, this would be contrary to Moores claim of good being a simple notion.ObjectionsPhilosophers such as Mackie, MacIntyre and Nagel do not essentially retain with the naturalistic fallacy or the stiffness of the open question argument.Mackie, presents an objection to Moore with his argument from queerness. He argues that there is no such thing as goodness and roguishness. Moreover, he claims, goodness and badness have no properties or qualities that can be reduced to simpler terms since they do not exist. Goodness and badness are meant to properties of objects but they are queerly different to other properties like weight, size or fabric. Mackie concludes that goodness and badness are prescriptive moral terms and intrinsic or inherent properties of things is simply not possible.7Moore responds by arguing that good is a simple concept of ethics. And all other ethical concepts must be derived from it. Although good cannot be defined, what is good can be defined. Thus, while we do not know the definition of good we can identify which things are good. David Hume says it best, just because something is the case does not by that fact indicate to us that it ought to be the case. ConclusionIn my opinion, Moores claim of good being indefinable due to it being a simple and non natural property is an native argument to make. If Moore is right, then it would mean that there is no objective way of defining good and that the term is relative to the human species. This fact is securely to reconcile. There would be substantial implications for the way good is discussed at a practical and theoretical level of ethics.Many do not agree with Moores arguments, especially MacIntyre who says, more unwarranted and unwarrantable assertions are perhaps do in Principia Ethica than in any other single book of moral philosophy 8. But we have to accept that Moore has been responsible for raising many issue that have become central to meta ethics today.On the other hand, maybe good is so inherent and intrinsic to the human intellectual that we cannot completely define it. This would not be surprising as our language is not a rational or precise tool that can be used to comprehensively define one of the most principal(prenominal) terms used in ethical discussions today.

Presenting Language Through Texts English Language Essay

Presenting Language through and through text editions English Language Essaytexts produce been aimd in row classrooms for many years. There argon many reasons for teachers using textbooks. Firstly, they use texts as a linguistic objects. Secondly, they use texts as vehicle for information. And for the last reason, they use texts as a springboard for production. So texts in row statement withdraw played the master(prenominal) role in lyric skill and teaching.The just about effective texts in learning process atomic number 18 genuine materials. Leaning English through authentic materials will key the learners belief kindred the are in the a real language situations. The airwave of the classrooms are alive. Research studies on the use of authentic materials reveal that it gouge promote the students motivation, positive attitude, involvement and quest on the subject.There are several kinds of authentic materials which are auditory sensation, visual, printed mater ials and multimedia system materials. The multimedia materials are twisty audio, video and graphic birthations. All of these materials are applied for communicating ad hoc dispatches in real situations. original audio materials 1. Music, intelligence activity and other(a) audio materials available on the cyberspace2. TV programming including movies, commercials, quiz shows, car similarlyns, peelight-emitting diodes and weather3. Radio including ads, music and sales pitches4. Taped or eavesdropped conversations, such as 1-sided phone conversations5. Meetings, talks6. Announcements in airports and stores7. Professionally audio-taped misfortunate stories and novelsAuthentic visual materials Images and graphs available on the internetphotographspainting and drawings, childrens fine artwordless street signspictures from magazines, postcards, wordless picture booksstampsx-rayscoins and currencyclocksphonesHalloween masks and other holiday decorationsAuthentic printed materials web based printed materials available on the internetnewspapers including articles, movies reviews and advertisements, astrology columns, sports reports, o good turnuary columns, advice columns, classified adsreports, obituary columns, advice columns, classified adslyrics to song eating place menusstreet signsfood product labels such as cereal boxes, sugarcoat wrapperstourist information brochuresuniversity catalogstelephone booksmapsmagazines including TV guides, comic books, catalogsgreeting cards, lettergrocery coupons and flyerpins or t-shirt with messagesbus schedulesmail including bills , absentminded children flyers and junk mailflyers, posters, billboardsschool nonicesforms including leases, tax forms, applications, medical history formsAuthentic multimedia materials TV, Video programmes of various kindspodcasting on the internetwe based programes involving multimedia useThere are criteria for teachers to consider for choosing the authentic materials for classroom use. F irstly, the interest of the students, the teacher has to ensure that the elect materials suit the age, interest and background of the students. Secondly, the get of language learning, teachers must consider the information in the chosen materials are of value to the learners. Thirdly, the cultural removeness, nearly materials are produced on the basis of the congenital speakers, the learners might not familiar with the culture of the contexts. Thus, the teachers should carefully select the appropriate second language contexts. Fourthly, the language level, the group of students are different levels like beginner, intermediate or advanced students .be excite the authentic materials are not make to fit the learning purposes so the teachers must recognise the kind of accessible input which is slightly difficult in order to sustain their motivation. Lastly, the timbre of the materials may be concerned. The chosen texts must have the quality of the text organization and the approp riate picture use. In the same time, the teachers must attentively check for errors and spelling mistakes of the texts.614Using authentic materials have great benefits or advantages, specially for the second language learners of English. A large number of evidences of enquiry studies have revealed a wide range of advantages. Firstly, the learners will expose to a wide range of natural language. Next, the reality and the consideringful interactive are brought into classroom. Then, there is a connection between the classroom and the outside world. The teaching and assessment focus on the 4 skills which the facts of language are not included. Moreover, the important objective is not a memorization for the examination scarcely for the communicatory proposes. For the next reason, the authentic texts can help the teachers accessing the ready, available, attractive and tawdry resources of the texts as hygienic as bring the variety to the classroom activities. So, the students have oppo rtunities to practice the skills learnt in the classroom in the outside world when they accomplish them in the real situations.771Using the authentic materials also have some problems. Some kinds of materials may include difficult language and unusual expression items which are not being utilise in the daily emotional state basis. These kinds of problems cause a burden to the teachers. So to solve the problems, the teachers should carefully gazump the authentic materials by using the above mentioned criteria. For instance, the notices, bottled labels and reservation forms are utilize for the lower level learners. Whereas, the advanced levels need more complex materials.854Thornbury claimed that language always happens as text and not as isolated quarrel and sentences Therefore, the basis of foreign language teaching is handling texts for both write and oral. There are three acronyms that have been use to describe textsTALO Text as a linguistic object A TALO text is used for language work, specifically grammar or vocabulary.TALO texts are written especially with a pedagogical purpose in mindcould be authentic texts the teacher has chosen because they contain lots of examples of a particular feature of language,could be authentic texts adapted to contain or highlight certain features of language.TAVI Text as a vehicle for informationA TAVI text has a different focus. Information within the text is seen as more important than the language. Students should understand the overall meaning of a text instead of ( or at least before ) the finer points of detail,TAVI texts can be chosen because they are motivating,these texts are mainly authentic and based on communicative approach.TASP Text as a Stimulus for ProductionA TASP intend using texts as a springboard for other task normally a reading or typography task. TASP approaches also fit well with communicative approach.TASP type activities could be doing a role play on the text,discussing issues rai sed by the text,having a debate roughly the points of view presented in the texts,writing a similar text about something the students know aboutwriting a response to the text( Verster 2005 ) TALO, TAVI, TASP.From www.vgtu.itTexts based activities presented in the execute book Information Technology aremarking the statements as true or false, filling in the gaps in the statements, linking each pair of actions ( donating cause and effect ) by a time clause, matching the terms in table A with the statements in table B, making a angle of dip of the key features of the facility ( device ) students are reading about, matching the reviews of the facilities to their titles, writing a brief evaluation of the phenomenon you have read about ( at least by listing its good and bad points ), trying to scene the meaning of the given abbreviations, trying to paraphrase the statements, linking each set of sentences to make one sentence ( corresponding to the descriptions given in the text ), end the forms to record the main details of the problem depict in the text, working in pairs, studying the diagram to explain how facility works, putting the described events in sequence, finding words or phrases in the table which mean what is given in the statements below.1091From my experience as a teacher, I have been teaching young learners, mostly in the Phatom 1-3 students. And I have used several kinds of authentic materials in my class. For example, I use English songs and glasshouse rhymes when I would like to present new language to my students for promoting the motivation and strife in learning of my students. Then, I use many pictures to present the new vocabulary in order to promote a better reasonableness of the meanings of the words. Sometimes, I have them read their favorable books from the bookshelf, so they can choose what ever they like.The examples of my authentic materials are volt Little Speckled FrogsFive 5 little dapple captures,Sitting on a mess l og, consume some most delicious bugs,Yum, Yum. bingle 1 catch jumped in the pool,Where it was nice and cool, straight off there are four 4 speckled frogs,Glub, glub.Four 4 little speckled frogs,Sitting on a hollow log,Eating some most delicious bugs,Yum, Yum. oneness 1 frog jumped in the pool,Where it was nice and cool,Now there are three 3 speckled frogs,Glub, glub.Three 3 little speckled frogs,Sitting on a hollow log,Eating some most delicious bugs,Yum, Yum.One 1 frog jumped in the pool,Where it was nice and cool,Now there are cardinal 2 speckled frogs,Glub, glub.Two 2 little speckled frogs,Sitting on a hollow log,Eating some most delicious bugs,Yum, Yum.One 1 frog jumped in the pool,Where it was nice and cool,Now there is one 1 speckled frog,Glub, glub.One 1 little speckled frog,Sitting on a hollow log,Eating some most delicious bugs,Yum, Yum.One 1 frog jumped in the pool,Where it was nice and cool,Now there are no 0 speckled frogs,Glub, glub.From www. enchantedlearning.comMy s tudents really enjoy it. So they like English language too. And I have another example Hark, Hark, The Dogs Do BarkHark, hark, the dogs do barkThe beggars are coming to townSome in rags and some in tags,And some in velvet gowns.From www. enchantedlearning.comOne, Two, Three, Four, FiveOne 1, two 2, three 3, four 4, five 5,Once I caught a tip alive.Six 6, seven 7, eight 8, nine 9, ten 10,But I let it go again.Why did I let it go?Because it bit my finger so.Which finger did it bite?The little one upon the right.From www. enchantedlearning.comAesops Fables The Ant and the hopperIn a field one summers day a grasshopper was hopping about,chirping and singing to its hearts content. An Ant passed by,bearing along with great wear an ear of corn he was taking to thenest.Why not arrange and chat with me, said the hop-picker,instead of toiling and moiling in that way?I am helping to lay up food for the winter, said the Ant,and advise you to do the same.Why bother about winter? said the Grasshopper we have gotplenty of food at present. But the Ant went on its way andcontinued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had nofood and prime itself dying of hunger, while it saw the antsdistributing every day corn and metric grain from the stores they hadcollected in the summer. Then the Grasshopper knewIt is best to prepare for the old age of necessity.The Ass and His MastersAN ASS, belonging to an herb-seller who gave him too little foodand too much work made a petition to Jupiter to be released fromhis present service and provided with another master. Jupiter,after warning him that he would repent his request, caused him tobe sold to a tile-maker. Shortly afterwards, finding that he hadheavier loads to verbalise and harder work in the brick-field, hepetitioned for another change of master. Jupiter, telling himthat it would be the last time that he could grant his request,ordained that he be sold to a tanner. The Ass found that he hadfallen into worsened hands , and noting his masters occupation,said, groaning It would have been better for me to have beeneither starved by the one, or to have been overworked by theother of my former masters, than to have been bought by mypresent owner, who will even after I am groundless tan my hide, andmake me useful to him.He that finds discontentment in one placeis not likely to find happiness in anotherThe Ass, the Fox, and the LionTHE ASS and the Fox, having entered into partnership together fortheir mutual protection, went out into the set to hunt. Theyhad not proceeded far when they met a Lion. The Fox, eyesightimminent danger, approached the Lion and promised to give forhim the capture of the Ass if the Lion would pledge his word notto scathe the Fox. Then, upon assuring the Ass that he would notbe injured, the Fox led him to a deep pit and arranged that heshould fall into it. The Lion, seeing that the Ass was secured,immediately clutched the Fox, and attacked the Ass at hisleisure.*Never trus t your opponent